200,000 BC: Humans are bipedal primates belonging to the species Homo sapiens in Hominidae, the great ape family. They are the only surviving members of the genus Homo. Humans have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection, and problem-solving. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the arms for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species. Mitochondrial DNA and fossil evidence indicate that modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago.
Evidence from archaeogenetic accumulating since the 1990s has lent strong support to the “out-of-Africa” scenario and has marginalized the competing multi-regional hypothesis, which proposed that modern humans evolved, at least in part, from independent hominid populations
75,000-72,000 BC➽
Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia is the location of the largest volcanic eruption in the history of the world. Eruptions occurred in 840,000 BC, 700,000 BC, and 75,000+- BC. The 75,000 eruptions ejected 2,800 Km3. of matter Discovery of common stone tools at Jwakapuram in southern India were discovered above and below the ash deposited as a result of Toba. The possibility that this volcano eruption drove down the population of the earth to about 10,000 humans…one of two bottlenecks in our prehistoric history.
50,000 years ago: Around 50,000 years ago there was a marked increase in the diversity of human artifacts. For the first time in Africa, bone artifacts and art appear in the archeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Firstly, among the artifacts of Africa, archeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools.
These new stone-tool types have been described as being distinctly differentiated from each other as if each tool had a specific purpose.
3,000 to 4,000 years later, this tool technology spread with people migrating to Europe. The new technology generated a population explosion of modern humans and possibly led to the extinction of the Neanderthals.
The invaders commonly referred to as the Cro-Magnons, left many sophisticated stone tools, cave art, and Venus's figurines wherever they went.
50,000–40,000 BC➽
50,000 BC: Start of the Mousterian Pluvial in North Africa
45,000 BC: In Bryan Sykes 'The Seven Daughters of Eve', the ‘clan mother’ of Haplogroup U lives in Central Greece.
43,000–41,000 BC: At Ksar Akil in Lebanon, ornaments and skeletal remains of modern humans are dated to this period.
40,000+ - BC: By this time migration out of Africa started about
85,000 BC: Modern Homo-sapiens spread all over Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Australia
40,000+ BC: British scientists find footprints in an abandoned quarry in Central Mexico close to the Cerro Toluquilla volcano.
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