Clovis, King of the Franks, defeats the Visigoths at the Battle of Vouille.
508 AD
Paris (now called Lutetia) established by Clovis as the capital of the Kingdom of the Franks.
511 AD
Clovis, King of the Franks, dies. The Merovingian Dynasty is continued by his sons.
521 AD
Boëthius introduces Greek musical letter notation to the West.
525 AD
Dionysius Exiguus (Dionysis the Little), a Roman monk and astronomer, records in his Easter Tables Jesus of Nazareth’s birthday as December 25, 753 years after Rome was founded. The error, an incorrect year and date, is repeated in all Christian calendars. Dionysius also left out counting the year 0. (See When was Jesus born?)
529 AD
Codification of Roman Law, Justinian’s Code, in a series of books called Corpus Juris Civilis, by the Emperor of Byzantine. Many legal maxims would be based on this code, which included the clause, “The things which are common to all (and not capable of being owned) are: the air, running water, the sea and the seashores.” The spelling of the word justice originates from Justinian’s Code.
531 AD
Khosru I, of the Sassanian dynasty, comes to power in Persia.
533 AD
Believing that he is getting the world ready for the Second Coming of Christ, Emperor Justinian reconquers parts of the Roman Empire.
534 AD
Queen Hu of China is assassinated. Northern China divides between western and eastern halves of the Wei dynasty.
537 AD
Saint Benedict of Nursia, the father of Western monasticism, outlines the step for leading a devout life in what is known as the Rule of St Benedict. The Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) is dedicated in Constantinople.
542 AD
The plague of Europe, known as the Great Plague of Justinian (a bubonic plague) ravages Europe.
A Book of Brief Historical Accounts TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY
Year wise Events: First Century ।। Chapter 2 ▲ Page 6 ।।
Gunderic, King of the Germanic Vandals, attack towns and cities in Gaul.
407 AD
Roman legions withdrawn from Britain; Picts, Scots and Saxons invade. The Saxons become rulers of the British Isles.
410 AD
Goths attack Rome. Alaric lead the Asiatic Huns to attack the Roman Empire, sacking Rome in August. They introduce pants to the Roman Empire, which replace traditional togas.
414 AD
Changra Gupta II of India dies.
421 AD
Bahram V, Sassanid king, begins persecution of Christians. City of Venice is founded by Romans fleeing from Germans.
430 AD
St. Augustine of Hippo dies as the Vandals besiege his city.
432 AD
St Patrick returns to Ireland and confronts King Laoghaire who allows him to spread Christianity.
440 AD
December 25th was not celebrated as the birth date of Christ until this year.
441 AD
Anglo-Saxons, fleeing Huns advancing on northern Europe, invade Britain.
446 AD
Vortigern leads Anglo-Saxon mercenaries and Britons against the Picts (from Scotland) and Scots (from Wales).
449 AD
Angles and Saxons conquer Britain.
450 AD
Conversion of Ireland to Christianity. (Missionary work started under Bishop Palladius 431, but most Irish people credit St Patrick with their conversion to Christianity.)
451 AD
Attila the Hun (Hephthalite) crosses the Rhine into Gaul.
455 AD
Vandals sack Rome with such ferocity that the word VANDAL will come to mean wanton destroyer.
466 AD
Buddhists in China are persecuted by adherents of Confucianism.
475 AD
Emperor Ming is succeeded by his ten-year-old son, Emperor Shun.
476 AD
The western Roman Empire ends when its last Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, is forced into retirement by German commander, Odoacer, who seized power. (The eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, centered in Constantinople, will continue until 1453.)
480 AD
The Visigoths, whose capital is in Toulouse, extend their rule from the Loire River to Gibraltar.
481 AD
Clovis I becomes king of the Salian Franks.
488 AD
Zeno, emperor of the eastern half of the Roman Empire, sends Theodoric with an army of Germans across the Alps against Odoacer.
493 AD
Odoacer is defeated by Theodoric, who becomes King of Italy.
496 AD
Clovis baptized as Christian by St. Remy, bishop of Reims.
A Book of Brief Historical Accounts TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY
Year wise Events: First Century ।। Chapter 2 ▲ Page 6 ।।
The Kingdom of Armenia is the first nation to make Christianity its official religion.
303 AD
Emperor Diocletian orders the persecution of Christians.
312 AD
Constantine defeats Maxentius at Battle of Milvian Bridge and becomes the ruler of the western Roman Empire. He believes the Christian God has guided him to victory.
313 AD
•Edict of Milan issues by Constantine I (Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor – he converted on his death bed in 337), allowing Christians to practice their faith in the Roman Empire.
325 AD
Constantine the Great summons the Council of Nicaea, which establishes that God the Father and God the Son (Jesus Christ) are of the same essence.
Constantine introduces Sunday as a holy day in a new 7-day week.
He also introduced movable (Easter) and immovable feasts (Christmas).
326 AD
Constantine the Great and his mother Helena start a perdio of building churches in Palestine to mark the places considered holy to Christianity, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
330 AD
Founding of Constantinople (which became Istanbul in 1900), built above the ancient site of Byzantium, which became the centre of Christianity.
333 AD
Constantine decrees that Christians of Jewish heritage break all ties with Judaism or be executed.
335 AD
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated on the site of what is believed to be Christ’s tomb.
337 AD
Constantine the Great converts to Christianity on his deathbed, according to Bishop Eusebius.
341 AD
Ethiopians introduced to Coptic Christianity.
350 AD
Christianity reaches Ireland.
359 AD
Under the leader of the Sanhedrin, Nasi Hillel II fix the calendar according to a standardized system of calculations (as used today). Previously, the calendar was based on eye witness of sightings of the new moon.
363 AD
Constantine’s grandson becomes emperor, becoming known as Julian the Apostate. He rescinds the law that forbids marriage between Christians and Jews and rescinds the law that bans Jews from entering Jerusalem; he also abolishes privileges that have been bestowed upon the Christian clergy.
367 AD
Emperor Julian killed while fighting the Sassanid Empire.
372 AD
Mahayana Buddhism introduced to Koguryo (northern Korea).
378 AD
Valens, the Christian emperor of the eastern half of the Roman empire, is defeated by Christian Germans, Goths, at Adrianople.
380 AD
Co-emperors Gratian and Theodosius decress that the doctrine of the Trinity is the official state religion.
383 AD
Shapur III becomes king of the Sassanid empire.
384 AD
Buddhism introduced to the royal families of Paekche (southern Korea) and Silla (central Korea).
388 AD
Shapur III, the Sassanid king, lifts the persecutions of Christians.
390 AD
Jerome’s Latin Vulgate manuscripts published, containg all 80 books of the Scriptures (39 Old Testestament, 27 New Testament, 14 Apocrypha).
391 AD
One of the Seven Wonders of the World, the library of Alexandria, is destroyed by fire.
395 AD
Division of the Roman Empire, when Emperor Theodosius I dies. (His two sons appointed successors: 17-year-old Arcadius given rule over the east; 10-year-old Honorius ruling the west, but ruling from Milan instead Rome.)
Augustine is named bishop of Hippo (in North Africa).
399 AD
St. Augustine of Hippo writes his Confessions.
A Book of Brief Historical Accounts TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY
Year wise Events: First Century ।। Chapter 2 ▲ Page 6 ।।
Origen, aged 22, succeeds Clement as leader of the Christian school in Alexandria.
213 AD
Completion of the Baths of Caracalla, which contain reading rooms, running tracks, and public gardens covering 20 acres.
Gunpowder invented by Chinese alchemists mixing saltpeter with sulfur at the right temperature.
219 AD
Founding of the Sura Academy in Babylon.
226 AD
Ardashir begins Sassanid Dynasty, rulers of Persia until the seventh century.
238 AD
In this year there were 6 Roman Emperors: Maximin, Gordian I, Gordian II, Balbinus, Pupienus Maximus & Gordian III.
250 AD
Greek mathematician from Alexandria, Diophantus, publishes Arithmetica, the first known algebra text, a treatise in 13 parts of which 6 survive.
About 5% of Romans have become Christian.
258 AD
Emperor Valerian beheads Cyprian in front of thousands; those near him throw pieces of cloth to catch his blood.
271 AD
First form of compass used in China.
272 AD
Three Christians beheaded near a hill outside of Paris. The hill will later be called Montmartre, the Mountain of the Martyrs.
276 AD
Mani, a sage from Persia who calls himself a apostle of Jesus Christ, is executed for preaching Zoroastrian dualism with Christian theology, angering followers of both religions.
284 AD
Diocletian becomes Emperor of Rome and proclaims himself the earthly representative of Rome’s supreme god, Jupiter.
299 AD
Christians across Roman empire now about 10% of the population.
300 AD
The church council of Elvira, Spain, prohibits intermarriage between Jews and Christians, also forbidding them to eat together.
This page (2/6) is somewhat completed but will be modified from time to time if required.
105 AD:Chinese government servant named Ts’ai Lun invents paper, made from hemp waste, mulberry fibers, rags, and other materials. (It would take many centuries for this invention to travel west, reaching Samarkand, Central Asia, in 751 and Baghdad in 793, arriving in Europe in the 12th century.)
107 A D:Persecution of Christians.
117 A D: Hadrian rules Rome (till 138), establishes a postal system and codifies Roman law.
122 A D: Emperor Hadrian begins construction on a 117 km (73 mile) long wall between England and Scotland. (Parts of the Hadrian wall still stands.)
125 A D: Christians persecuted.
127 A D: Alexandrian astronomer, cartographer, and mathematician Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) publishes Almagest, in which he catalogued 1,022 stars – the previous known number of stars being 850. His work influenced astronomy studies for 14 centuries.
132 A D: First seismoscope developed in China; it detected an earthquake 400 miles away.
136 A D: Jewish revolt (where?), led by Simeon ben Kosiba, suppressed – dispersion of Jewish race.
140 A D: Han Jing-di’s son becomes Emperor Wu of China.
149 A D:
◙ Chinese dictionary of 10,000 characters produced by Hu Shin.
◙ Rome begins third war against Carthage, a war that Carthaginians do not seek.
155 A D:
• Berian Lusitani nation rebels against Rome, who offer peace and land, trap them, killl 9,000 and enslave 20,000.
• To allow a longer campaign, the Roman Senate moves New Year from March 15 to January 1.
158 A D: Claudius Galen writes that arteries carry blood and explains the action of muscles and nerves.
161 A D: Marcus Aurelius becomes emperor of Rome.
168 A D: Rome divides Macedonia into four republics and forbids contact between the four.
171 A D: Rome declares war against Perseus of Macedonia.
180 A D:
• Greek physician Galen publishes Methodus Medendo, a system of medicine that will influence medical thinking for over a thousand years.
• Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, becomes emperor of Rome.
183 A D: Hannibal commits suicide rather than be captured by the Romans.
184 A D: Zhang Jue leads the Yellow Turban rebellion in China.
193 A D: Emperor Commodus was assassinated in Rome.
197 A D: Lucius Septimus Severus, a Syrian, become Rome’s first non-Roman emperor.
200 A D:
• Palestinian scholar Judah ha-Nasi compiles tracts of the Mishnah, beginning the creation of Jewish Talmudic law.
• Rome boasts 1.5 million inhabitants, most living in 3 to 8-story-high insulae, apartment blocks made of brick, wood or rubble.
This page (2/7) is somewhat completed but will be modified from time to time if required.
(AD stands for “Anno Domini,” a Latin phrase meaning “in the year of the Lord” and referring to the years after the birth of Christ.)
01 A D:
• During the Han dynasty in China astronomy was at its peak; calculations were made on the phases of the moon, planetary motion, and calendar.
• Voice pipes are used for communication in Roman places.
04 A D: Death of Herod, the king of Judea.
05 A D: Cunobellinus (Cymbeline), king of the Catuvellauni, was recognized by the Romans as king of Britain.
06 A D:
• Judea becomes a Roman province.
• Revolts in Danubian provinces crushed by Tiberius.
• Candidates for political office in China must take civil service exams.
• Emperor Cheng is succeeded by Emperor Ngai.
09 AD: Battle of Teutoburger Wald, the Rhine River is established as the boundary between Latin- and German-speaking worlds.
14 A D: Augustus Caesar, the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, dies, succeeded by his stepson, Tiberius.
15 A D:Livy, the Roman historian, publishes the story of Romulus and Remus, the first who becomes a god and declares that it is the will of heaven that Rome is the capital of the world.
23 A D: The Greek geographer Strabo publishes Geography, a work covering the world known to the Romans and Greeks at the time of Emperor Augustus – it is the only such book to survive from the ancient world.
27 A D:
Probable the year that Jesus Christ was crucified.
(The exact year of the crucifixion is disputed; often quoted as 33AD.)
37 A D: Emperor Tiberius dies, succeeded by his nephew, Caligula.
41 A D:
• Dioscórides writes about medicinal herbs.
• Emperor Caligula is murdered, succeeded by Claudius, a lame man with a speech impediment.
43 A D: The first London bridge is a temporary pontoon bridge built by the Romans.
50 A D:
• Heron of Greece invents steam power and the first vending machine.
• St Paul begins missionary work in Europe.
• Pedanius Dioscorides writes the first pharmacology text, De Materia Medica (it became the primary source on pharmacology for the next 16 centuries).
53 A D: The Parthians annihilate an army of 40,000 Romans.
54 A D: Nero becomes last Caesar (of Caesar family) of Rome.
64 A D:Great fire in Rome.
• Persecution of Christians begin.
65 A D: First persecution of Christians in Rome.
The Gospel according to St. Mark, the earliest of the four Gospels, is written.
68 A D: Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide.
70 A D: Jerusalem destroyed by Titus. The third Temple is burnt and destroyed
71 A D: Colosseum building starts in Rome (finished in 79).
Spartacus and other slaves crucified
on the Appian Road to Rome.
74 A D: Chinese Emperor Zhao dies at age 22, succeeded by another child, Emperor Xuan.
79 A D: Emperor Titus dedicates the Roman Colosseum; the amphitheater has 160-foot walls and 50,000 marble seats.
Mount Vesuvius erupts, killing thousands in Herculaneum and Pompeii.
82 A D: According to Suetonius, the Emperor Domitian made women gladiators fight by torchlight at night.
95 A D: Renewed persecution of Christians.
100 A D: Jewish Christians were forced to leave the Jewish fold.
This page (2/6) is somewhat completed but will be modified from time to time if required.
While the earliest hominid or human-like species first appeared around 2 million years ago, early homo sapiens, or modern humans, are relatively young – they first appeared in Africa around 200,00 years ago.
For thousands of years after homo sapiens first appeared, early man, laid the foundations for what would eventually become human civilization by developing agriculture, weaponry, art, social structure, and politics.
Although the Mesopotamians are typically considered the very first urban civilization in the world, several earlier peoples developed complex societies and cultures that can also be classified as civilizations and they have been included on this list.
5000 BC
Mesopotamian civilization
👉 Development of irrigation
👉 Cultivation of maize
👉 Use of copper
4241 BC: Earliest recorded date in the Egyptian calendar
4000 BC
👉 Muslims, King of Kish, rules Sumeria (Southern Babylonia).
👉 Development of plowing and taming of horses.
👉 Illustration of a wheel in the Sindh Province of India.
3760 BC: The first year of the Jewish calendar
3500 BC
👉 First phonetic writing and formation of a numbering system by Sumerians, who also were among the first to use wagons for carrying goods and people.
👉 The oldest known zoo was established in Hierakonpolis (now Nekhen), Egypt.
3100 BC: First Egyptian Dynasty was founded; Menu (Narmer) becomes the first pharaoh.
3000 BC
👉 The Megalithic tombs were constructed in Newgrange, Ireland.
👉 Building of temples and canals in Sumeria, ruled by Ur-Nina.
👉 Diamond polishing is practiced in China.
2950 BC: The first period of Stonehenge construction. (Some estimate 3100 BC.)
2850 BC: Fu-Hi becomes the first Emperor of China
2800 BC
👉 Development of the calendar.
👉 First recorded revolution: people from the Sumerian city of Lagash overthrew bureaucrats who were lining their own pockets but kept raising taxes.
2700 BC: The Epic of Gilgamesh, in poetry form, written (One of the oldest works of literature. Fragments of the Epic of Gilgamesh were found on clay tablets in the 19th century in the ancient city of Nineveh. It tells the story of a semidivine king named Gilgamesh who sought immortality. The king was probably based on a historical king of Uruk in Mesopotamia.)
He is best known for his reforms to combat corruption, which are sometimes cited as the first example of a legal code in recorded history. Although the actual text has not been discovered, much of its content may be surmised from other references to it that have been found. In it, he exempted widows and orphans from taxes; compelled the city to pay funeral expenses (including the ritual food and drink libations for the journey of the dead into the lower world); and decreed that the rich must use silver when purchasing from the poor, and if the poor do not wish to sell, the powerful man (the rich man or the priest) cannot force him to do so.
He also participated in several conflicts, notably a losing border conflict with Uruk. In the seventh year of his reign, Uruk fell under the leadership of Lugal-Zage-Si, énsi of Umma, who ultimately annexed most of the territory of Lagash and established the first reliably documented kingdom to encompass all of Sumer. The destruction of Lagash was described in a lament (possibly the earliest recorded example of what would become a prolific Sumerian literary genre), which stressed that "the men of Umma ... committed a sin against Ningirsu. ... Offence there was none in Urukagina, king of Girsu, but as for Lugal-Zage-Si, governor of Umma, may his goddess Nisaba make him carry his sin upon his neck" (alternatively – "may she carry his sin upon her neck"). Lugal-Zage-Si himself was soon defeated and his kingdom was annexed by Sargon of Akkad...wiki
2300 BC: Paper made from the papyrus plant in Egypt.
2100 BC
•First Dynasty of Babylon established by Sumu-Abu.
•Abraham was born in Ur in Mesopotamia.
Abraham:Abraham, originally Abram, is the first of the three biblical patriarchs. His story told in chapters 11 through 25 of the Book of Genesis, plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The narrative revolves around the themes of posterity and land. Abraham is called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land originally given to Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny. Various candidates are put forward who might inherit the land after Abraham, but all are dismissed except for Isaac, his son by his half-sister Sarah. Abraham purchases a tomb (the Cave of the Patriarchs) at Hebron to be Sarah’s grave, thus establishing his right to the land, and in the second generation his heir Isaac is married to a woman from his own kin, thus ruling the Canaanites out of any inheritance. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six more sons, but on his death, when he is buried beside Sarah, it is Isaac who receives “all Abraham’s goods”, while the other sons receive only “gifts”.
The Abraham story cannot be definitively related to any specific time, and scholars are generally agreed that the so-called ‘patriarchal/ancestral period’ is a fictional construct. It appears to have been composed in the early Persian period (late 6th century BCE) as a result of tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in Judah during the Babylonian captivity and traced their right to the land through their “father Abraham”, and the returning exiles who based their counter-claim on Moses and the Exodus tradition.
2050 BC: The earliest known written legal code, Ur-Nammu’s Code, dates from this time. Although called Ur-Nammu’s Code, it is generally agreed that it was written by his son Shugli. The code allowed for the dismissal of corrupt men, protection of the poor, giving testimony under oath, and the ability of judges to order damages to be paid to a victim by the guilty party.
2000 BC:
👉 The twelfth Egyptian Dynasty begins, with Thebes as the capital.
👉 Hammurabi, King of Babylon, reforms the law and introduce agricultural improvements.
👳
1850 BC: Earliest known legal decision: A clay tablet reveals the case of the murder of a temple employee by three men. The victim’s wife knew of the murder but remained silent. Eventually, the crime came to light and the men and woman were charged with murder. Two witnesses testified that the woman was not part of the murder, that she had been abused by her husband, and that she was worse off after her husband’s death. The men were executed in front of the victim’s house but the woman was spared.
1750 BC: Hammurabi, a king of the Babylonian Empire, establishes laws for many aspects of daily life, including marriage, divorce, trade, and prices. The code’s punishments include cutting off a finger or hand for theft, cutting out a tongue for defamation, and cutting off a man’s lower lip if he kissed a married woman. The code included the law of retaliation, from which came the phrase “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”
1700 BC: Assyria becomes independent of Babylonia.
1500 BC:
👉 The Book of Job was written by an unknown Israelite.
👉 The sacred works of Hinduism, the Vedas, a collection of hymns are written in Sanskrit.
1400 BC:Use of iron by the Hittites in Anatolia (Asia Minor).
1415 BC: Amenophis IV of Egypt replaces the old religion with sun worship.
1355 BC: Ramesses I begins Nineteenth Dynasty in Egypt.
1300 BC: Moses received The Ten Commandments directly from God.
Moses is a prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed. The historical consensus is that Moses is not a historical figure. Also called Moshe Rabbenu in Hebrew, he is the most important prophet in Judaism. He is also an important prophet in Christianity, Islam, and Baha’ism as well as a number of other faiths.
According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born at a time when his people, the Israelites, an enslaved minority, were increasing in numbers and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might ally with Egypt’s enemies. Moses’ Hebrew mother, Jochebed, secretly hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed in order to reduce the population of the Israelites. Through the Pharaoh’s daughter (identified as Queen Bithia in the Midrash), the child was adopted as a foundling from the Nile river and grew up with the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slavemaster (because the slavemaster was smiting a Hebrew), Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian, where he encountered the God of Israel speaking to him from within a “burning bush which was not consumed by the fire” on Mount Horeb (which he regarded as the Mountain of God).
God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. Moses said that he could not speak with assurance or eloquence, so God allowed Aaron, his brother, to become his spokesperson. After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments. After 40 years of wandering in the desert, Moses died within sight of the Promised Land.
10 Commandments List:
Here are lists of the 10 Commandments as recorded in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5. These 10 beneficial laws were given by the Creator God to show mankind how to live a better life now and please God forever. God gave the 10 Commandments from Mount Sinai, accompanied by smoke, earthquakes, and the blast of a trumpet to emphasize the importance of these laws. Moses recorded God’s words in Exodus 20 and recounted the event again in Deuteronomy 5. There are only slight differences in emphasis in the accounts. Both versions are listed below, along with a list of the commandments in short form.
The 10 Commandments List in Exodus 20:2-17
1. “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me.
2. “You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments.
3. “You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain.
4. “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.
5. “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the LORD your God is giving you.
6. “You shall not murder.
7. “You shall not commit adultery.
8. “You shall not steal.
9. “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10. “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.”
The 10 Commandments List in Deuteronomy 5:6-21
1280 BC: India’s Laws of Manu (Manu Sanhita) were written, regulating almost all facts of rules, from contracts to criminal law. It also forms the basis of the caste system, where people were classified by their social standing. Members of higher castes were punished more severely than those of lower castes. (Various dates of recording given, even as late as 880 BC.)
1200 BC: Ramesses III leads in the Twentieth Egyptian dynasty.
Iron Age begins.
In the Iron Age, humans began to produce large quantities of iron or steel, replacing bronze as a main material of tools. Iron and steel require a higher smelting temperature than bronze, so humans first needed to surpass this technological gap before wielding such materials.
This period broadly begins around 1200 BC, though historians have been unable to agree on when exactly this period should end; different dates have been declared the end of the Iron Age for different regions.
Over the course of the Iron Age, human societies advanced and grew more complicated. Major world religions were founded in the Iron Age, such as Judaism and Buddhism.
691 BC: The aqueduct was introduced to bring water from distant sources to a large urban population. One of the first known aqueducts is ordered by the Assyrian King Sennacherib for Nineveh – it is about 90 km (50 miles) long.
660 BC: Byzantium was founded by the Greeks.
621 BC: Draco writes the first code of law for Athens and Greece. The penalty for many offenses was so severe that the word “draconian” comes from his name. (Citizens adored Draco and upon entering an auditorium one day to attend a reception in his honor, they showered him with hats and cloaks as was their custom. By the time they dug him out from under the clothing, he was smothered to death.)
606 BC:Nabopolassar of Babylon and Cyaxares of Media destroy Nineveh; ending of Assyrian Empire.
604 BC: Nebuchadnezzar rules Babylon.
598 BC: Nebuchadnezzar takes Jerusalem.
586 BC: Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem.
585 BC: Aesop’s fables are thought to be written about this time. (They include “The Hare and the Tortoise” and “The Fox and the Grapes.” Aesop’s moral lessons usually are summarized in one-sentence parables at the end of his fables, such as “don’t count your chickens before they hatch.”) Very little is known about the author; some scholars believe Aesop was a slave, and some believe he was legendary.
563 BC: Buddha (Siddhârtha Gautama) was born in India.
550 BC: Cyrus conquers Media and founds Persian Empire.
538 BC: Cyrus conquers Babylon.
536 BC: The Book of Punishments written in China. Punishments for offenses include tattooing as a way to mark criminals, cutting off of the nose, castration, foot amputation, and death.
535 BC: The first Roman calendar was introduced: it had 10 months, with 304 days in a year that began in March.
532 BC (?): Pythagoras of Crotona describes the relations between sides of a right-angled triangle and tone vibrations.
525 BC:Tragedy and comedy theater were performed. Celebratory songs and dances held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and merrymaking, evolved into the earliest plays.
500 BC: End of monarchy in Rome, Republic founded.
👉 Completion of original Hebrew manuscripts which make up the 39 Books of the Old Testament.
624 BC? -548 BC?: Thales of Miletus calculates the geometry of the circle. (He also discovered electricity.)
490 BC: Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Marathon
486 BC: Spurius Cassius of Rome passes First Agrarian Law (land reform).
483 BC: Buddha dies.
470 BC: Socrates was born near Athens. (He introduced the great tradition of Western philosophy. He was executed in 399 BC.)
458 BC: Ezra leads Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.
450 BC: The Twelve Tables were ordered to be written by 10 Romans to establish the legal system of Rome. Written on bronze and wood and tablets, the laws protected the lower class (plebes) from legal abuse by the ruling class (patricians); judges alone did not have the right the interpret the law; the organization of public prosecution was promoted; injured parties were allowed compensation by guilty parties. The Twelve Tables are considered the foundation of all modern law. (The tablets were destroyed by invading Gauls in 390.)
445 BC: Nehemiah begins rebuilding of walls of Jerusalem.
440 BC: Greek philosopher Leucippus and his student Democritus puts forward the notion that all matter consists of fundamental particles called atoms; they taught that everything is composed of infinitely tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
(The word atom comes from the Greek word meaning” indivisible.”)
Hippocrates of Cos (430 BC? -377 BC?), the father of medicine, records medical cases.
Eudoxus of Cnidus (388 BC? -355 BC) theorize planetary motions.
399 BC: Socrates is required to drink hemlock to end his life after being found guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens.
350 BC: Aristotlewrites Meteorologica, the first book on weather.
347 BC-322 BC: Aristotle identifies and classifies living forms.
👉 Plato establishes a philosophy academy.
336 BC: Alexander the Great becomes King of Macedon and supreme general of Greeks.
330 BC: Darius II dies – the end of the Persian empire.
325 BC:Theophrastus, philosopher, and student of Aristotle, takes over leadership of Aristotle’s school, the Lyceum. His writings include Inquiry into Plants and the Growth of Plants. The works survived. Theophrastus is considered the founder of botany.
300 BC: The Great Wall of China was constructed in parts.
👉 Euclid, a Greek from Alexandria, writes Elements, introducing geometry, which means “land measurement”.
264 BC:
First Roman gladiatorial games.
240 BC: Livius Andronicus is the first Roman poet.
221 BC: China unites when the king of Ch’in, Ying Zheng, defeat the kings of the other 6 kingdoms – Zheng becomes Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China.
212 BC: Archimedes explains the area of a circle, the principles of the lever, the screw, and buoyancy.
200 BC: Completion of the Septuagint Greek Manuscripts which contain The 39 Old Testament Books AND 14 Apocrypha Books.
👉 The first documented food fight takes place between Greek Mathematician Archimedes, who invented the catapult, and Egyptian King Ptolemy III. At dinner, the king insisted that he found the geometry and physics of Archimedes’s design lacking in principle. Archimedes, so the story goes, says he’ll demonstrate the shortest distance between two points and starts pelting the king with olives. Ptolemy’s guards respond with fresh fruit, forcing Archimedes to surrender.
194 BC:Eratosthenes determines the size of the Earth and put forward theories of the climate.
166 BC: Maccabaean rebellion against Seleucid rule begins in Judah.
150 BC: Chinese make paper from macerated hemp fibers, and plant bark, molded over old fishnets.
141 BC: Wu of Han becomes emperor of China.
120 BC (?): Hipparchus of Rhodes (161 BC? -122 BC?) explains the pattern of the cosmos in latitude and longitude and makes triangular measurements of celestial navigation.
100 BC: The trip hammer and the use of paper developed in China.
77 BC: The Book of Esther, the last book of the Old Testament, is translated into Greek.
74 BC: Xuan of Han becomes emperor of China at age 17.
71 BC:
The Revolt of slaves and gladiators under Spartacus was crushed by consuls Pompey and Crassus.
51 BC: Rule of Queen Cleopatra in Egypt (until 30 BC). [There were seven Cleopatra in history, one became legendary.]
50 BC: Julius Caesar crosses Rubicon to battle Pompey.
👉 Heron of Greece invented steam power, but the leaders of the day thought that it would cause unemployment which may lead to unrest, and the invention, well, ran out of steam.
48 BC: Yuan of Han becomes emperor of China.
👉 The library of Alexandria was destroyed by fire during a battle between Julius Caesar and Ptolemy XIII.
45 BC:Rome bans all vehicles from within the city – and in other cities vehicles, including horses, were allowed only at night – because of traffic jams.
👉 The Julian calendar was introduced.
44 BC:Julius Caesar was assassinated.
37 BC:Marc Antony marries Cleopatra.
33 BC: Cheng of Han becomes emperor of China – he is known as a womanizer but did not leave an heir, dying in 7 BC of an aphrodisiac overdose.
30 BC: Suicide of Antony and Cleopatra
👉 Horace of Rome completes his Book of Epodes.
19 BC: Roman poet Virgil completes the Aeneid.
7 BC: Ai of Han is made emperor of China.
6 BC: Probable year that Jesus Christ was born, perhaps in March.
4 BC: The earliest known reference to the Scots was made by the Greek Pretanoi, who refers to their practice of painting faces or tattooing associated with the bluish dye known as woad.
1 BC:
👉 Nine-year-old Ping of Han is made emperor of China – he is poisoned six years later.
👉 The revised Julian calendar was introduced (on March 1).
This page (2/5) is somewhat completed but will be modified from time to time if required.
40,000–35,000 BC: Cro Magnon (Modern Homo-sapiens) appear in Europe, an early cultural center in the Swabian Alb, earliest figurative art (Venus of Schelklingen), beginning Aurignacian (relating to or denoting the early stages of the Upper Paleolithic culture in Europe and the Near East. It is dated in most places to about 34,000–29,000 years ago, and is associated with Cro-Magnon Man.)
35000 BC: Zar, Yataghyeri, Damjili, and Taghlar caves.
32000 BC: Europeans understand how to harden clay figures by firing them in an oven at high temperatures.
30000 BC: End of the Mousterian Pluvial (relating to or characterized by rainfall) in North Africa
30000 BC–26000 BC: Lion-Human, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany created. It is now in Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany.
30,000–20,000 BC➽
29,000–25,000 BC:Venus of Dolní Vìstonice. It is the oldest known ceramic in the world. The Red Lady of Paviland lived around 29-26,000 years ago, recent evidence has come to light that she was a tribal Chieftan.
28,000 BC:People start to live in Japan.
25,000 BC-17,000 BC: Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses, and aurochs, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardéche gorge, France, is made. Discovered in December 1994.
24000 BC: start of the 2nd Mousterian Pluvial in North Africa.
23000 BC:Venus of Petøkovice (Petøkovická venuše in Czech) from Petøkovice in Ostrava, Czech Republic, was made. It is now in Archeological Institute, Brno.
23000 BC: In The Seven Daughters of Eve, the ‘clan mother’ of Haplogroup X lives in the Caucasus Region of Southern Russia.
22000 BC: Neanderthals are believed to have become extinct in Europe.
22000 BC:Last Glacial Maximum: Venus of Brassempouy, Grotte du Pape, Brassempouy, Landes, France, was made. It is now at Musee des Antiquites Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye.
22000 BC–21000 BC:Venus of Willendorf, Austria, was made. It is now at Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
20000 BC: End of the 2nd Mousterian Pluvial in North Africa.
20,000–15,000 BC➽
18000 BC-15000 BC: Last glacial period. Mean Sea Levels are believed to be 110 to 120 meters (361 to 394 ft) lower than the present, with the direct implication that many coastal and lower riverine valley archaeological sites of interest are today under water.
18000 BC: In 'The Seven Daughters of Eve', the ‘clan mother’ of Haplogroup H lives in Southern France.
👉 Spotted Horses, Pech Merle cave, and Dordogne, France are painted. Discovered in December 1994.
16500 BC: Paintings in Cosquer cave, where the cave mouth is now under water at Cap Margiou, France was made.
18000 BC–11000 BC: Ibex-headed spear thrower, from Le Mas d’Azil, Ariege, France, is made. It is now at Musee de la Prehistoire, Le Mas d’Azil.
18000 BC–12000 BC: Mammoth-bone village in Mezhirich; Ukraine is inhabited.
17000 BC–15000 BC: Hall of Bulls, Lascaux caves, is painted. Discovered in 1940.
👉 A Bird-Headed man with bison and Rhinoceros, Lascaux caves, is painted.
17000 BC–15000 BC: Lamp with ibex design, from La Mouthe cave, Dordogne, France, is made. It is now at Musee des Antiquites Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye.
15000 BC-12000 BC: Pregnant woman and deer (?), from Laugerie-Basse, France was made. It is now at Musee des Antiquites Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye.
15000 BC: Bison, Le Tuc d’Audoubert, Ariege, France.
👉 In 'The Seven Daughters of Eve', the ‘clan mother of Haplogroup V lives in Northern Spain, while the ‘clan mother’ of Haplogroup T lives in the Tuscany region of Central Italy.
14000 BC: Paleo-Indians searched for the big game near what is now the Hovenweep National Monument.
👉 Bison, on the ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain, is painted. Discovered in 1879. Accepted as authentic in 1902.
👉 Domestication of Reindeer.
13000 BC: In The Seven Daughters of Eve, the ‘clan mother of Haplogroup K lives in the Veneto Region of Northern Italy.
